This article provides brief histories of the nuclear weapon programs of India and Pakistan. It describes the political tensions that accelerated the development of nuclear weapons and delivery systems by each. The development was aided by scientific and technological assistance from other countries including France, China, Canada, Belgium, and the United States. The article also presents two scenarios for a nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan. Informative diagrams show the production of nuclear materials and the types of missiles possessed by both countries. A map of the region details production facilities, uranium mines, and test sites.