This book inspects the state of nuclear affairs through policies, proliferation, and diplomacy at the beginning of the 21st century. It examines concepts of nuclear non-proliferation, especially diplomatic efforts to discourage weapons production; military action in a preventative war; and additional inspection and enforcement by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The authors argue for a further reduction in Cold War arsenals of the United States and Russia, as well as proposing the possibility of multilateral defense cooperation against the use of nuclear weapons. Author Sidney Drell, an emeritus physics professor, has been an adviser to the United States government on national security while James Goodby has been a career diplomat, professor, and author.